The former player: 'I hoped to continue my rugby career'
Warning: This article includes descriptions of discriminatory comments and conduct
Ex-England player Luther Burrell claims that speaking out to reveal racism in rugby union led his career to an premature conclusion.
In a June 2022, Burrell described racism as being "widespread" in the game, showing Whatsapp messages and recalling training ground "jokes" he had been exposed to while representing Newcastle.
Then 34 and without a team, Burrell's only elite playing since has been a handful of games with invitational side the Barbarians.
"I've have absolutely had to retire because of what went on," he told media outlets.
"I really hoped to continue competing, naturally I did. I pursued that, and it fell through when news came out that there were inquiries underway.
"This situation was challenging - I had to simply come to terms with the fate and accept that this whole process is a lot more important than me."
A sports organization investigation in April 2023 found Burrell's claims were true "likely correct", but stated it could not gather enough proof to categorically say they happened at Newcastle.
Luther Burrell started all of England's Six Nations games in 2014 and 2015, but was controversially excluded for their team for the 2015 tournament
Burrell revealed to journalists he also encountered prejudice within the England set-up, during a Test career that saw him win 15 caps after his debut in 2014.
"I've had multiple distressing experiences within the national team," he stated.
"Some discrimination and some just old-school mentality that's really inappropriate."
Racism had become accepted in team environments, in Burrell's view.
"It's something that has been dressed up as banter and that's been the issue that I've personally experienced and witnessed," said Burrell, who is of Jamaican heritage.
"Over a extended period you just begin to think that it's the standard and that is acceptable and that it's not malicious, but that's incorrect."
Burrell says he was finally motivated to speak out after a team-mate at Newcastle called him as a "enslaved person" and told him to put sun cream on his arms and legs "where your shackles were."
The governing body said Burrell's disclosures had led to "increased scrutiny at the environment within the elite game and to the implementation of an action plan for the professional game."
"The organization has given considerable focus on diversity and diversity in the sport and a great deal of work completed both prior and after Luther Burrell came forward and revealed his experiences of racism and class discrimination," it added.
"The organization are continuing work with clubs and stakeholders in the professional game to work for a culture of inclusivity but acknowledge this requires patience and is an ongoing process."
All Prem and PWR club now has face-to-face training on creating inclusive cultures, with its effectiveness monitored via individual reports and surveys.
All England athletes, including youth squads, are trained in being "engaged observers" to step in and protect others from damaging conduct.
"You should be so pleased of what you have done," Burrell's mother Joyce said to him as part of the film Luther Burrell - Rugby, Racism and Redemption.
"We know it has had this impact on you and finished your career, but in our eyes, you have achieved so well. We are so proud of you and to have you as a family member."
Burrell's father Geoff died shortly after the production of the documentary, and his sister died recently.
Burrell, who was raised on a social housing in his hometown, maintains his work to make the sport more open.
His charitable organization works to reach young people in under-served communities and help them succeed both on the field with free sports training, mentoring and dietary education.
"My personal motivations are genuine, I want to see the progress of the sport and if others is prepared to tell their experience then I'll persist to advocate for that fight because I'm not just pursuing this for myself," he said.
"Everyone involved have an responsibility to make the game as great as it can be and the more I speak about it perhaps the more confident others will become about discussing their personal stories as well.
"I grab the challenge by the opportunity and keep carrying this banner and keep carrying this weight and accomplish what I can to develop opportunities and make the sport more attractive and more inclusive.
"There's a lot of disadvantaged young people and a lot of poverty and I honestly think that the sport has the ability to change their lives, just as it transformed things for me."
Burrell scored for the Barbarians on a comeback to former club Northampton in November 2022